Tracing apparatus.



PATENTED MAY 16, 1905.

L. B. BENTON. TRAGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1899.

3SEEETS-SHBET 1.

No. 790,172. PATENTED MAY 16, 1905.

- L. B. BENTON.

TRAGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1899.

s SHEETSSHEET 2.

'EHEFI No. 790,172. v PATENTED MAY'le, 1905. L. B. BENTON. TRAGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1899.

1 BSHEETS-SHEET s.

e a J W 5 M3 M ml nmlillmll F A n ./7

A?!" W I v I ml UN TED STATES Patented May 16, '1905 PATENT OFFICE.

LINN BOYD BENTON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO AMERICAN TYPE FOUNDERS "COMPANY, TION OF NEW JERSEY.

OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORA- TRACING APPAF iATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 790,172, dated May 16, 1905.

' Application filed July 21, 1899. Serial Nb. 724,584.

To all whom it may concern-.-

Be it known that I, LINN Born BENTON, a

citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, county of Richmond, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tracing Apparatus,fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of the same.

The general class of apparatus to which the present invention relates includes various.

forms of apparatussuch as drawing apparatus, engraving machines, and the like--in which a pattern of some'form is traced either by moving the tracer over the pattern or the pattern over the tracer and the universal tracing movement of the tracer or pattern transmitted through suitable connections,such as a pantograph, to a marking or cutting tool of some form acting on a blank or to the blank itself, so as to reproduce the pattern upon the blank by the movement of the tool or blank,

the pattern being either increased or diminished in size in reproduction or otherwise changed by varying the tracing movement in transmission. I aim especially, however, at the production of a simple 'and efficient apparatus of thisgeneral class by which enlarged type or type-bar patterns may be reproduced from asmall design, such as a print of a type or type-bar or from the type or type-bar itself, or from a similar small drawing or engraving, my particular object being to provide an apparatus for producing such enlarged patterns suitable for use in a machine for cutting type punches or dies.

Certain features of the invention may be embodied in an apparatus capable only of reproducing a pattern with all lines of the reproduction parallel with those of the pattern and increased in dimension in the same proportion, but the invention includes also certain novel features by which an improved patternwith the lines inclined in either direction relatively to the pattern, and one of the components of the tracing movement may be varied independently of 'the other, so as to vary one dimension of the reproduction independently of the other.

For a full understanding of the invention a detailed description ofan apparatus embodying all the features of the same as applied in their preferred form in connection with the production of enlarged type-patterns will now be given in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and the features forming the invention will then be specifically pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 is a plan view of the complete tracing apparatus. Fig. 2 is a rear view of the microscope and pattern-supporting table on a larger scale, the view being taken on the line 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same on the line'8 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a crossssection on the line 4 of Figs. 1 and 5, showing the microscope in partial section. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section showing the pattern-table in plan, the view being taken on the line 5 of Fig. 4:; and Fig. 5 shows the pattern turned for oblique distorted reproductions. on the line 6 of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is aview similar to Fig. 4C, the pattern-table being shown inclined or in position for reducing the vertical dimensions of a letter. Fig. 8 is a sectional detail on the line 8 of Fig. 41, showing the construction of the fulcrum for the lever bywhich the microscope is adjusted by the pattern-table. Fig. 9 is a perspective detail showing the means for adjusting the pointby which the pantograph engages the patterntable. Figs. 10 and 11 are sectional details of the pivots of the pantograph-arms, the sections being taken on respectively the lines 10 and 11 of Fig. 1. Fig. 11 is a horizontal section on the line 11 of Fig. 11. Fig. 12 is Fig. 6 is a cross-section of the same ries the microscope-tracer with a crossed wiretraeer. Fig. 14: is a bottom plan view of the same. Fig. 15 shows a modified form of tracer. Fig. 16 shows an oblong tracer. Fig. 17 is a detail showing the pattern-holder in section with a type for reproduction. Fig. 18 is a detail section of a reproducing-marker.

Referring now to the drawings, A is a table supported and adapted to be rotated in a horizontal plane on one or the other of two brackets B C, secured to a table D, upon which is held a sheet of paper or other material on which the pattern is to be reproduced. The table A is secured to the bracket B, as shown in Fig. 1, by a depending screw-threaded stud 50, formed on its lower face, which enters an opening 51 in the end of the bracket B and is secured thereto by a nut 52. It will understood that the tables A and D are in turn supported by a table or in any other convenient manner.

The traeing-microseopeEis mounted on the table A in the following manner: A block 53 is adjustably secured to the table A by bolts 54, which pass through slot 55, formed in the block 53, and enter screw-threaded openings in the table A. On the block 53 is supported a bracket 56, having two arms at its upper end, one of which has secured to it a second bracket 57, which surrounds the microscope E. The bracket 57 carries three vertical arms 58, which are secured to the bracket 57 by screws 59. The upper and lower ends of the arms 58 carry narrow rolls 60, which bear against the microscope-cylinder, this allowing the microscope to slide up and down easily.

. These rolls 60 run in grooves m in the microscope, which fit the rolls closely, so as to keep the microscope from turning. are adjusted to and from the microscope by adjusting-screws 61, so that just the desired pressure at opposite ends of the arms may be secured. The microscope may be moved up and down to get the proper focus, as usual, by means of a rack 62, secured to the microscope and engaging a pinion 63, carried by a shaft 64:, mounted in a block 65, in which the microscope is frictionally held, the shaft be ing provided with the usual thumb-pieces 66. When the pattern is in the horizontal position shown in Fig. t, the block 65 will be held stationary at the proper point by means of a lever 67, the inner end of which engages a roll 68, mounted in bracket 69, secured to the block 65. The lever 67 is carried by a block 70, fulcrumed by screw 71 to an adjustable block 72, which is moved as required in aguideway 7 3 in the other arm of bracket 56 and secured in position on the bracket 56 by a lockingscrew 74, which passes through a slot 75, formed in the bracket 56, and the block 7 O is made fast to the lever 67 by a set-screw 76. (See Fig. 8.) "The outer end of the lever 67 bears against the under side of a roll 77, carried by a slide 78, which at certain times is The rolls 60 adapted to be moved vertically in a guideway 79, formed in the outer end of the bracket 56. The slide 78 is held against upward movement by a screw-head 80, which turns in the top of the guideway 79 and may be adjusted to overlap the upper end of the slide 78, and thus hold the microscope in position, except as it is adjusted by the thumb-pieces 66. The head 80 has a cut-away portion which when it has been brought to register with the slide 78 allows said slide to move vertically. The outer end of the lever 67 carries a counterbalanceweight 86, and the lower end of the slide 78 carries a headed screw81, to which isattached one end of a cord or wire 82, running over a pulley 83, the other end of the cord 82 being formed with a hook 84 for connection to the pattern-carrier when the lever is to be actuated thereby. The block 65 may thus be held stationary or may be moved up and down by the pattern-carrier, and its movement relatively to the pattern-carrier may be adjusted by adjusting the fulcrum of the lever 67, for purposes presently to be described.

The pattern-carrier F is box-like in Form and consists of two sides 91 and aback 92, the front portion being open to allow a table 93, on which the pattern lies, to be swung vertically between the sides 90 91, so as to place the pattern at dilferent inclines to the horizontal. The swinging table 93 is pivoted to the sides 90 91 by screw-pivots 91 and has on one side a locking-screw 95, which runs in a curved slot 96, formed in the side 90 of the carrier F, so that the table may be locked in different inclined positions by the screw 95. The swinging table 93 is preferably hollow, as shown, so as to hold a type when desired, but for a pattern drawing or print has a cover 97, upon which is placed the card or paper bearing the pattern to be reproduced. This card or paper is held firmly in its proper position on the table by spring-clips 11. The side of the table adjacent the other side 91 of the carrier F is provided with a set-screw 98, so that a type or type-bar 12 may be placed in the hollow portion of the table 93 by removing the cover 97, as shown in Fig. 17. 11'' the type or type-bar is small, blocks 99 will be placed against its sides and the lockingscrew 98 turned in until the type or type-bar is locked in position. The screw 98 passes through acurved slot in wall 91, this slot and slot 96 being formed on arcs struck from the pivots 91 as centers, so that the screws 98 move in these slots as the swinging table 921 is adjusted.

The pattern-carrier F, with table 93, is mounted for movement under the n'iicroseope by the pantograph in the following manner: Each of the lower edges of the plates 90 91 of the carrier F is provided with ribs 1, which enter grooves 2, formed in the upper surface of a plate 100, these ribs and grooves being at right angles to the base-line of the pattern, so

that the proper position of the base-line of the pattern relatively to the microscope may be adjusted in setting the machine by moving the pattern carrier under the microscope along these grooves, and the ribs and grooves assure the parallel position of the patterncarrier relatively to the table 100 when it is removed and replaced. The pattern-carrier is held in adjusted position by its own weight; but holding means may be used, if desired. The plate 100 is rectangular in form and on its lower surface is provided with another pair of grooves 3, the grooves 3 running on ribs 1, formed on a plate 101. The plate 101 is also rectangular and has at each of its four corners, as shown in Fig. 5, lugs 5, which have formed on their lower faces ribs 6, running in grooves 7, formed in each of two stationary supporting bars or rails 102 102, which are se cured to the block 53. The ribs 4 and grooves 7 extend at right angles to each other, and the plates 100 and 101 form a carriage which supports the pattern-carrier F. It will be seen from the drawings that the carrier thus su pported may be moved horizontally underthe microscope in any direction.

Referring now to the pantograph connections for moving the pattern-carrier andv reproducing the tracing of the pattern, the reproducing tool or follower is formed by a pencil or other tool105, which is carried by.

one end of pantograph-arm a. Two arms 6 b are pivoted to the other end of thearm a at the pivots 31, the arms I) 5 being piv+ oted at their inner ends to two arms 0 c at the points 32 33 34: 35. Each of the arms 6 b is composed of two strips of metal secured together at their ends by blocks 36. The pivot 35 is the point at which the pantograph is pivoted to the table A and is directly above and in line with the stud of the table, so that the table may be rotated concentrically with the movement of the pantograph-arm b. The inner end of the arm 0 carries an adjustable block, which will be described in detail hereinafter and which is provided with a pin .37, which enters an opening 38 in the bottom of plate 100 of the carrier F, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, so that the movement of the pantograph will, through the pin 37 of the arm 0, move the plates 100 101 and the carrier F under the microscope, so. that the pattern may be traced by the tracer in the microscope and the tracing movement reproduced by the follower 105.

Any suitable form of reproducing-tool may be used, and for marking upon paper or -cut ting metal or other suitable materials I have shown in detail in Fig. 20 a constructon of reproducing-tool which is preferably used and which forms a specific feature of the invention. I In this construction a post 123 passes through the arm a of the pantograph and is shouldered so as to bearagainst the under side of the arm a, the portion below the arm a being of just the required length to rest upon the blank on the table D and support the pantograph-arm a during the tracing operation. Above the arm a this post 123 carries a finger-piece'124, which isset down against the upper side of the arm a and held in position by a set-screw 125. The post 123 is provided with a central perforation running vertically through the post, and this perforation receives at its lower end the lead or other marking device 126, upon which rests a pin 127, extending above the post 123 and provided with a top finger-piece 128. In the use of the apparatus the reproducing-tool will be held and guided with one finger on the fingerpiece 128 and the other fingers grasping the finger-piece 12 1, the post 123 thus being held down upon the blank under light pressure, so as to secure an easy movement, while at the same time holding the arm a exactly horizontal, and the desired pressure upon the lead or other marking device 126 is secured by the pressure on the finger-piece 128, the pin 127 moving down through the post 123 as the part 126 wears away. By this support of the pantograph-arm a by the post 123 all vertical strain upon the pantograph in use is avoided and the proper smooth movement of the pantograph-pivots secured, the pantograph being supported at the pivots by rollers 122 or similar means, as usual in pantograph constructions.

The detail construction of the pantograph and its pivots may be varied widely, but the construction shown embodies certain specific features of my invention and is preferably used. This construction will now be described.

The construction of the pivots 30, 31, and 3 1 of the arms b 6 are alike, as shown in Fig. 10, and are formed with the arm a, passing between the two bars of arms Z) or b, with the double pointed pivot pin 13 passing through and preferably fixed in the arm a by being driven in tight and having its opposite ends seated in conical bearings formed in the lowerend of a short pin 14, fast to the upper bar of the arm 6 and in a pin 15, carried by the lower bar of the arm 6. The pin 15 fits tightly in the lower bar of the arm 6, but is adjustable therein to proper position for the desired movement of the pivot and to take up wear by the following means: On the under side of the lower bar of the arm I) is a piece at, having a screw-threaded opening through which passes screw 16, bearing against the under side of. pin 15 and provided with lock-nut 17. By setting screw 16 in or out the bearing may be tightened or loosened and the parts then looked in position by nut 17 By the use of the separate piece n, which may be soldered or otherwise secured to the arm 6,1 am enabled to secure conveniently the accurate alinement of the openings through the three bars forming the arms a I) at the and boring all the three bars at the same time, holding them rigidly together and in position by any suitable means.

The arm is pivoted to the arms 0 at 32 33 by means permitting the adjustment of the arm 0 longitudinally of the arms 6 Z), and as the pivots at 32 33 are alike description of one will suffice for both. Referring to Figs. 11 and 11, the arm 0 is mounted on an adjustable head 0, which consists of a bearing-block 18 and depending side plates 19 thereon. The block 18 rests on the upper bar of the arm I), the arm 0 being supported on the upper face of the block 18. In the arm 0 is fitted tightly a bearing-sleeve 20, having upper and lower inclined faces, the lower inclined face bearing against the upper inclined face of a similar sleeve 21 in the block 18. The pivot-pin 32, having an inclined surface on the under side of its head seated in the bearing-sleeve 20, passes through both the sleeves 2O 21 and is entered at its lower end by a tighteningscrew 22, which bears against the lower end of sleeve 21, the joint being tightened by drawing down pin 32 by screw 22 and loosened by rotating screw 22 in the opposite direction, as shown in Fig. 11. A set-screw 23, passing through block 18 and entering a keyway in the side of the pivot-pin 32, locks the pin 32 in adjusted position and holds it from turning. The adjustable head a of the pivot 33 is exactly the same in form and construction as the head 0, just described. This construction provides a very simple and efficient adjustable pivotmounting by which great accuracy of movement may be secured. The use of the bearing sleeves 21 separate from the arm 0 and block 18 permits these two parts to be bored together, so as to assure accurate alinement. As the arms are not subject to wear, but only the sleeves 20 21, the bearing may be renewed by putting in new sleeves when those in use become worn too much for correction by adjustment.

The arms 0 0 must always be parallel to obtain a uniform movement of the carrier F, and to obtain such parallelism the pivots 32 34c and 33 35 should always be at equal distances from each other on the arms a I). This relation is obtained and the size of the reproduction varied by the adjustment of heads a e, which are made adjustable on the upper bars of the arms 6 b, as follows: The plates ,19 19 of the head 0 or e have inwardly-extending ribs 25, which enter grooves 26, formed in the edges of the upper bar of the arm 5 or 6, the rib 25 of one of the plates 19 being cut away and a short block 27 inserted, which is pressed against the inner face of the groove 26 of the arm 6 by a set-screw 28. If it is desired to adjust the pantograph to reproduce a letter or other pattern on a larger scale than that shown in the drawings, in which the pantograph is shown as set for its smallest reproduction, except in Fig. 9, the

set-screws 28 of the heads w are loosened, and the heads a (1', which carry the pivots 32 33, are moved along arms I) 0' toward the l'ulcrum 35 of the pantograph to the desired position and then locked by tightening up screws 28.

The block (5 on the inner end of the arm (v is made adjustable on the arm n in the same manner as the heads m/ and is moved on the arm 0 toward the pivot 33 the same distance that the heads a a of the pivots 32 33 are moved toward thepivots 341 35, so that the pin 37 is lteptat the same distance on bar a from pivot 33 as the distance of pivot 33 on bar 7) from pivot 35. Adjusting-blocks 106 are preferably used to assure accuracy of adjustment, these blocks being of dilferent lengths for different-sized reproductions and are inserted between the heads a a and fixed abutments 109, and the heads a 0 set up against them in adjusting. In the main views these adjListing-blocks 106 are not shown, as the pantograph is set for its smallest reproduction and the heads 1%" set directly against abutments 101); but in Fig. 9 a block 106 is shown in connection with block 6 on arm 0, the outer end of the block bearing against a block 107, which is slotted to pass over two screws 108, secured to the end of the arm 0. \Vhen the block H has been adjusted to position, the set-screw 28 is turned to tighten the block 27 and secure the block 1 to the pantograph-arm (r, and the blocks 106 107 then removed. In the same manner adjusting-blocl s .106 are used in connection with the adjustment of heads c.

The pivot 35, by which the pantogmph is pivoted to the table A, is constructed as follows, as shown in Fig. 6 and in detail in l ig. 12: Screwed into the table A is a post 110, having its upper part 111 reduced in diameter and upon which is titted, so as to turn smoothly, the inner end of the lower bar of arm 1;. The upper end of the post 110 is formed with a conical bearing-sm'l'ace fitting into a. conical bearing in a short sleeve 112, titted tightly into the arm 0, and the upper end of the sleeve 112 has a conical bearing-surlace litting into a conical bearing on the under side of a sleeve 112, titted tightlyinto the top bar of arm 7) and having a conical bearing-surface at its upper end entered by the inclined under surface of the head of a screw 1.13, which passes down through the sleeves 112 and screws into the post 110. The bearing may thus be adjusted by screw 113 as desired and the parts then locked by set-screw 24, passing through post 110 and bearing against screw 113. This provides a very ellicient fixed pantogrzuilrpivot, capable of working very accurately and with the pivot-plane close to the pivot-plane of block (9", thus avoiding tendency to vertical torsion in operation and securing a smooth and accurate movement. It will be understood that the pivot- )lane of the arm 0 is in the sleeve 112 the letter as placed on the table 93 and carried by it under the microscope it is necessary to have a very fine tracingpoint in the microscope and at the proper point in the line of the exact center of the field of view and different tracers may be used under different conditions. I preferably use a tube i0, carrying a tracer adapted to be placed within the microscope, the tube being cut away at its lower end so as to form a shoulder 41. A ring 42 is fitted into this cut-away portion and rests against the shoulder 4:1. This ring 42 carries the tracer in proper position relatively to the eyepiece and objective in a compound microscope, such as shown, so as to act as a collimator in tracing the pattern. In the form shown in Figs. 13, 14: this tracer is made by crossed threads, as usual in collimating, as follows: The ring &2 is slit or cut at points ninety degrees apart, as shown at 8, and into these slits or cuts are slipped two fine silken strands 9, crossing each other at right angles,

4 as shown in Fig. 14:, the intersection y of said strands being the point by which the eye will follow the outline of the character or letter carried by the table 93 of the carrier F and this intersection thus forming the tracer.

- place of the ring 42 a glass disk 43 may be placed in the end of the tube with a small a dot at its center, as shown in Fig. '15, the position of said dot 3/ corresponding to the ina ing the tracerdescribed.

- without extended description.

I horizontal, as shown in Figs. 1 to 6.

- the block 65, with the microscope, is held sta:

tionary by the lever 67. Either of the tracers shown in Figs. 14 and 15'or any other suitable point or circular tracer may be used in the microscope, and the operator, with his hand on the follower lO5and his eye applied to the microscope, moves the pattern-carrier F through the pantograph, so as to trace the lines of the letter on the table 93, the letter A, as shown, and this letter is reproduced enlarged by the follower- 105 on the blank on table D, all the components of the tracing movement of the pattern-carrier F being re-v produced in exactly the same proportional enlargement. The apparatus is illustrated as set for 1ts smallest enlargement of the pattern;

but this may be widely varied by adjustingthe blocks 32 33 toward the pivots 34 35 and correspondingly adjusting the block 6 toward the pivot 33, as previously described, and of course any greater enlargement than that of the apparatus as illustrated may readily be secured by constructing the pantograph accordingly. I

In non-proportional ortholinear reproduction for producing letter reproductions from the same pattern with the height of the letter changed, the width remaining the same, or with the width of the letter changed, the height remaining the same, a non-proportional enlargement of the pattern is required, which is secured by modifying one component of the tracing-movement independently of the other, and this result is obtained by rocking the pattern-table 93 on its pivots 94C,'so as to incline the pattern to the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 7. It is obvious that if the patterntable be inclined to the horizontal, as shown in Fig. 7, and the pattern-letter be laid upon the table thus inclined the movement of the pattern-carrier F to the right or left in Fig. 7-that is, vertically of the pattern-letter when placed as in Fig. 5will be less than its toand-fro movement-that is, horizontally or widthwise of the letterand the latter movement will not be affected by the inclining of the pattern. It is clear also that the movement of the pattern-carrier vertically of the letter will be decreased more or less, according as the table 93 is more or less inclined to the horizontal. By rocking the pattern-table 93, so as to incline the pattern more or less to the horizontal, therefore, the component of the tracing movement that determines the enlargement of the letter vertically is more or less decreased-relatively to the other component of the tracing movement which determines the enlargement of the letter horizontally or sidewise, and thus different varieties of type-patterns may be produced from the same letter-pattern, all having the same proportional enlargement sidewise, but varying in enlargement vertically! If it be desired to vary the enlargeme'ntof theletter horizontally or sidewise, retaining the same enlargement vertically, it is obvious that this result may be secured by turning the pattern-letter on the pattern-table at right angles to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 5; but in that case the reproduced letter upon the table D will stand sidewise to the baseline of the table. To secure the correct position of the reproduced letter, the table A in that case is removed from the bracket B and mounted upon thev bracket C, which may readily be done with the construction shown, employing the stud and nut 52. With the table A thus transferred ninety degrees about the table D to the bracket (J the pattern-letter may be l turned ninety degrees from the position shown in Fig. 5, so as to vary this enlargement sidewise, while the reproduced letter upon the blank on table D still stands vertical to the base-line of the table, as in Fig. 1. In this non-proportional reproduction the adjustment of the apparatus is as follows: The patterntable 93 is inclined at the desired angle to the horizontal, according to the variation from proportional enlargement desired. by loosening the set-screw 95 and swinging the table on the pivots 94, the accurate positioning of the table being secured by the scale (Z on the side plate of the table, which is read against the inclined straight edge (Z of the side 90. This scale is shown as running from 10 to 45 which are about the limits within which inclination of the table is desired in practice. The table 93, having been inclined at the proper angle, is locked in position by the screw 95. As the distance from the microscope of the part of the pattern being traced varies as the higher and lower portions of the inclined pattern are brought into tracing position, it is necessary that some means should be provided for preserving the focus during this variation of the distance of the pattern from the microscope. This result may obviously be attained by raising and lowering either the microscope or the pattern; but it is preferable to move the microscope, and in the apparatus shown the desired result is secured by raising and lowering the microscope according to the elevation of the part of the pattern being traced. This is the oirice of the lever 67 as actuated'by the slide 78, connected to the pattern-carrier F by the cord 82 and hook 84, as shown in Fig. 7, and adjusting means are provided by which the amount that the microscope is raised or lowered for the same extent of horizontal movement of the pattern-carrier may be varied according to the degree of inclination of the pattern-table 93. For this purpose the bracket 56 is provided with ascalef, shown as runningfrom 10 to 45 and corresponding to the scale (Z of the table 93, and the block 72 is moved along this scale until the point f registers with a point on the scale f corresponding to the degree on the scale (Z at which the table 93 is inclined. It will be seen that this shifts the fulcrum of the lever 67, so that a horizontal movementof the pattern -carrier F, transmitted through the cord 82 and the slide 78, produces a greater movement of the end of the lever 67, which engages the roller 68 on block 65, carrying the microscope, according as the point f is moved further up on the scale f, and thus the microscope is raised and lowered more or less by the movement of the pattern-carrier F, according as the degree of inclination of the pattern-table 93 is increased or diminished. The fulcrum-block 72 is adjusted by first loosening the lock-screw 7 4E and the set-screw 76 and then moving the block 72 along the guideway 73, the swinging block also moving along the lever 67 until the proper position is attained, when the screws 74- and 76are tightened to hold the parts in place. The pattern-table 93 having been adjusted to the proper angle of inclination, the block 72 having been adjusted accordingly, the cord 82 connected to the pattern-carrier by inserting the hook 84: in the opening 85 in plate 101, and the screw 80 having been adjusted so as to release the slide 78 and permit its vertical movement, the apparatus is in adjustment for operation in non-proportional enlargement. The microscope will then be raised as the pattern-carrier F moves to the right in Fig. 7 by the slide 78 drawing down the rear end of the lever 67, and thus moving the other end of the lever 67 and the microscope-carrying block 65 upward, and the loosening of the cord 82 as the pattern-carrierF moves to the left in Fig. 7, permitting the microscope and block 65 to move down, thus raising the outer end of the lever 67 and the slide 78 as far as permitted by the cord 82, which depends upon the move ment of the pattern-carrier, so that a smooth steady up-and-down movement of the microscope is secured. The operation of the apparatus in this non-proportional ortholincar enlargement is exactly the same as in proportional ortholincar enlargement. except that the component of the tracing movement by which the vertical dimension of the reproduced letter are determined is varied relatively to the component by which the sidewise dimension of the reproduced letter are determined, with the result of obtaining a reproduced letter having the same sidewise dimension as with the pattern-table 93 horizontal, but with the vertical dimension of the letter reduced more or less, according to the degree of inclination of the pattern-table. In this operation the movement of the pattern carrier F is of course horizontal, and the same as with the pattern-table horizontal, except as to the extent of its movement in one direction, and the action of the microscope is varied only by its up-and-down movement as controlled by the pattern-earrier through the lever 67 to preserve the proper focus.

In non-proportional enlargements from the same pattern, as above described, the tracers shown in Figs. 14 and 15 or any other suitable tracing-point or circular tracer may be used as in the case of proportional enlargements; but atracing-point or a ei rcular tracer produces in such non-proportional reproductions a change of the style of the type, which is not usually desired, by reducing the weight of each of the lines of the letter which run transverse to the component of the tracing movement, which is varied, as well as the height or width of the letter as a whole, so that the widthwise lines of a letter which is formed with the vertical component of the tracing movement reduced are proportionally narrower than thevertical lines, and the vertical lines of a letter formed with the'horizontal or widthwise component of the tracing movement reduced are proportionally narrower than the widthwise lines. While this effect may be disregarded or otherwise corrected and a tracing-point or circular tracer used, it may interfere with the desired similarity inappearance of different varieties of type of the same style, especially in the larger type, and therefore in such non-proportional reproductions I preferably use a tracer of such form as to compensate for the difference between the ratios of enlargement of the vertical and widthwise components of the movement of the tracer. The tracer I employ for this purpose is oblong and preferably formed with straight sides and round ends, as shown in Fig. 16, where the tracer is shown as formed by a spot y onthe glass disk 43, although it will be understood that the tracer may be formed in any other suitable manner. The two diameters or horizontal dimensions of the tracer should be such that the axis of the tracer as the latter follows the horizontal or widthwise lines of a pattern-letter which is to be reproduced with its vertical dimension reduced relatively to its horizontal dimension shall increase the width of the horizontal line space in the pattern, so as to compensate for the'ratio of reductionof the vertical di.men-

sion of the letter as a whole, and thus secure the same proportional enlargement of the width or weight of the horizontal lines of the pattern as of the vertical lines, and that in tracing the vertical lines of a pattern-letter the horizontal or widthwise dimension of which is to be reduced relatively to the vertical dimension the width of the vertical linespace in the pattern shall be increased, so as to compensate for the ratio of reduction of the horizontal dimension of the letter as a whole, and thus secure the same proportional enlargement of the width or weight of the vertical lines as of the horizontal lines. It

will be understood that in'either case the dimension of the tracer that determines the distance of its axis from the line of the letter in tracing the lines to which the compensa tion is not to be appliedthat is, the vertical lines when the letter is reduced vertically and the horizontal lines when the letter is re' other will depend not only upon the inclination of the pattern, but also upon the weight of the lines to which compensation is to be applied-that is, the width of the line-space in the pattern-the increase or decrease of the tracer dimension being such that it will compensate for the decrease in weight of the lines below that which would result from using a tracer of the same dimensions in both directions. Whether the tracer dimension shall be increased or decreased will depend upon the form of pattern that is, whether the tracer follows the inside of the lines of the pattern,

as in following a matrix-pattern, or the outside of the lines of the pattern, as in following a type-patternit being obvious that the width of the line space movement of the tracer-axis in following a matrix-pattern is increased by reducing the distance of the axis from the matrix-wall, while in tracing a typepattern increasing this distance of the axis from the type-line increases the width of the line-space movement of the tracer, and decreasing this distance decreases the width of this movement. In tracing a matrix-pattern, therefore, the compensating dimension of the tracer will be decreased relatively to its normal dimension to such an extent that the dif-' ference between the two dimensions bears to the width of the vertical line-space of the pattern the ratio of the reduction for which compensation is to be made, thus widening the path of movement of the axis of the tracer in followingthe lines to be compensated. In tracing type-patterns the proportion will be the same; but the compensating dimension of the tracer will be increased instead of decreased to compensate for the reduction. For purpose of illustration the tracer y in Fig. 16 is shown as formed for tracing a type-pattern with the normal dimension of the tracer the same as that of the tracer yin Fig. 15 and the other dimension increased for compensation. In this calculation it is obvious that the width of the line-space to be used is not the actual width of the vertical lines, but the width of the path of movement of the axis of a proportional tracer in following these lines, as this path of movement determines the movement of the follower and is, in fact, the pattern line-space. This line space equals the actual line width minus the diameter of the proportional tracer in the case of a matrix-pattern and the actual line width plus the diameter of the proportional tracer in the case of a typepattern.

The above statement of the theory of my compensating tracer is made for full disclosure of the invention, and with this state ment the calculation of the dimensions of a tracer for exact compensation for any nonproportional reproduction may readily be made. It will be understood, however, that such exact compensation is not required, and it will be found in practice that an oblong IIS tracer of about medium compensation may be used for the difierent non-proportional reductions required and secure compensation sulficiently accurate for all practical purposes. It will be understood also that where the lines to be compensated vary in Weight only an approximate compenation can be secured by such a compensating tracer; but by calculating the tracer by the average width of the lines to be compensated a suflieiently accurate compensation can be secured even in such cases.

A tracer formed With one of its tracing dimensions greater than the other may be used not only as a compensating tracer to preserve the relative weights of vertical and horizontal lines in non-proportional reproductions, as above described, but also for varying the Weight of vertical and horizontal lines in either proportional or non-proportional reproductions. This is frequently desirable in making type-patterns, the width or weight of the horizontal or vertical lines of type being varied largely relatively to each other,especially in display-type. and with the machine of the present invention type-patterns may readily be made with any desired variation in weight of the vertical and horizontal lines relatively to each other by the use of oblong tracers proportioned to secure the result desired. From the above description of the use of the oblong tracer in compensating the calculation and use of the oblong tracers in varying the relative weights of lines from their relative weights in the pattern being traced will be clear, it being understood that the pattern linespace of those lines the weight of which is to be increased will be widened by decreasing the dimension of the tracer determining the weight of these lines in tracing a matrix-pattern and by increasing this dimension of the tracer in tracing a type-pattern and just the reverse in decreasing the Weight of any lines of the pattern relatively to the others. In either increasing or decreasing the weight of lines in tracing either matrix or type patterns it will be understood that the two dimensions of the tracers will be proportioned according to the increase or decrease in line weight desired.

The apparatus shown is capable of use not only in ortholinear reproduction, either proportional or non-proportional, but also for producing italicized or back-slope letters, and any reproduced'pattern may be similarly distorted and inclined either to the right or left relatively to an ortholinear pattern and at different degrees of inclination. This result is secured by inclining the pattern-table 93,

as above described in the case of non-proportional reproductions, and turning the letter or other pattern on the table from its position shown in Fig. 5, so that its base-line extends at an angle to the plane of tracing movement, the letter being turned to the right if an italicized letter is to be produced and to the left if a back-slope letter is to be produced. The degree of italicizing or back slope of the reproduction will depend upon the amount the pattern-letter is turned and the im-lination of the table 93, and by 'arying one or both of these widely-dilicrent results may be secured. For illustration, 1 have l'ound in practice that with the table inclined at an angle of forty-live degrees to the plane ol tracing movement, the horizontal in the machine shown, and the-letter turned at dillerent angles from ten to forty degrees a reproduced letter is italicized or back-sloped at angles varying from about seven to about twenty degrees. \Vith the letter turned at an angle of forty-live degrees and the table 93 inclined at different angles from thirty to lort v-live degrees the reproduced letter is italicized or back-sloped at angles varying from about eight to about twenty degrees. Ol course the distortion increases with the inclination of the table. I have shown in Fig. 5 at w and w the pattern-letter positioned relatively to its position shown in Fig. 5 for such italicized and back-sloped reproductions, the letter be.- ing turned at about forty-live degre is. With the table inclined at about thirty degrees, as shown in Fig. 7, the letter at :r will be reproduced italieized at an angle of about eight degrees, and the letter at :r will be reproduced back-sloped at the same angle. This feature of the apparatus is a very valuable one not only in producing italicized or backsloped letter designs, but also in that it enables corresponding right and left designs of any character to be readily produced. It is obvious that with the pattern turned on table 93 as just described for distorted and inclined reproduction the reproduced letter will stand at an angle to the base-line of the blank on table D. To correct this, the blank on table D may be turned to stand at such an angle relatively to the base-line of the table I) that the base of the reproduced letter is brought into parallelism with the base-l inc of the blank. A letter inclined to thelettor right, but with its base-line parallel with the lmse-lineol' the blank on the table .1), will be thus produced. I prefer, however, to rotate the table A, with the microscope and pattern-carrier, concentrically with the pivot 35 of the pantograph, so as to secure this same result of positioning the reproduced inclined letter relatively to the blank on table I) and maintain the base of this blank parallel with the base-line of the table I), as shown in Fig. 1. This is the object of mounting the table A upon the stud 50 in bracket B, so that by loosening nut 52 the table may be turned with the stud in bracket B to just the position required by the reproduced inclined letter upon the blank on table 1). As the stud 50 is in line with the pivot 35 of the pantograph, this movement does not vary the action of the pantograph,

but simply positions the reproduced letter to correct the change of position therein resulting from the turning of the letter-pattern on pattern-table 93. The angle through which the table A is to be turned can be readily determined by operating the apparatus, so that it is unnecessary to calculate it.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in connection withan apparatus for producing enlarged type-patterns, it will be understood that the features forming the invention may be applied also in other classes of apparatus and that the apparatus shown may be used either with or without such modifications as are within the skill of those acquainted with the art in doing various kinds of work.

While amicroscope is preferably used in apparatus embodying the present invention and the invention includes certain combinations including amicroscope, the invention, broadly considered, includes also apparatus employing any other suitable form of eyepiece or sightpiece for tracing and that the use of any eyepiece is not essential to the embodiment of some of the features forming'parts of the invention.

In the apparatus shown the pattern is moved relatively to the tracer for the tracing movement and the marker forms the follower and is moved in accordance with the tracing movement, and this is much the more convenient and preferable construction, and it is especially desirable to move the pattern-carrier in connection with the tracing of the pattern through a microscope or other eyepiece. It

wvill be understood, however, that many features of the invention are applicable also to machines in which the marker is stationary and the blank-holder forms the follower and that it is possible also in some classes'of work to produce the tracing movement by moving the tracer, with the microscope or other eye: piece, over a stationary pattern instead of moving the pattern. It will be understood also that many modifications may be made in the apparatus shown without departing from the invention and that the invention is not to be limited to the exact form or arrangement of parts illustrated and that many of the features forming the invention may be used in apparatus not employing other features forming part of the invention claimed herein.

What is claimed is 1. The combination of an eyepiece, a tracer between the eyepiece and the'pattern, a pattern-carrier for non-proportional reproduction adapted to hold the pattern inclined to the plane of tracing movement to vary one component of the tracing movement ind epend ently of the other, and movable for tracing the pattern, a follower, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, substantially as described.

2. The combination of an eyepiece, a tracer between the eyepiece and pattern, a patterncarrier movable for tracing the pattern and having a pattern-holder provided with means for adjusting the pattern-holder at different inclinations to the plane of tracing movement of the pattern-carrier to vary one component of the tracing movement independently of the other, a follower, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement of the patterncarrier to the follower, substantially as described.

3. The combination with an eyepiece, a tracer between the eyepiece and pattern, a follower, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of means for automatically adjusting the distance of the eyepiece from the pattern in accordance with the tracing movement, substantially as described.

4:. The combination with a microscope and tracer for tracing a pattern by the eye, a pattern-holder adapted to hold a pattern inclined to the plane of tracing movement, a follower, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of means for automatically adjusting the distance of the microscope from the pattern in accordance with the movement of the pattern to compensate for the inclination of the pattern and preserve the focus, substantially as described.

. 5. The combination with a microscope and tracer for tracing a pattern bythe eye, a follower, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of means actuated by the tracing movement for adjusting the distance of the microscope from the pattern to compensate for the inclination of a pattern inclined to the plane of tracing movement and preserve the 6. The combination with a microscope and tracer for tracing a pattern by the eye, a follower, and connect-ions for. transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of means actuated by the tracing movement for ad justing the distance of the microscope from the pattern to compensate for the inclination of a pattern inclined to the plane of tracing movement and preserve the focus and adjustable to vary the extent of movement of the microscope in accordance with the degree of inclination of the pattern, substantially as described.

7. The combination with a microscope and tracer for tracing a pattern by the eye, a pattern-carrier movable for tracing the pattern, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement from the pattern-carrier to the follower, of a lever actuated by the tracing movement of the carrier for moving the microscope toward and from the pattern in accordance with the tracing movement to compensate for the inclination of a pattern inclined to the plane of tracing movement and preserve'the focus, and means for adjusting the fulcrum of said lever to vary the extent of movement of the microscope in accordance with the degree of inclination of the pattern, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a microscope and tracer for tracing a pattern by the eye, a pattern-holder adjustable to position the pattern at different inclinations to the plane of tracing movement, a follower, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of means actuated by the tracing movement for moving the microscope toward and from the pattern to compensate for the inclination of the pattern and preserve the focus and adjustable in accordance with the adjustment of the pattern-holder to vary the extent of movement of the microscope, substantially as described.

9. In a tracing apparatus having a tracer and follower and connections for transmitting the tracing movement to reproduce a pattern, the combination of means for varying the extent of the tracing movement in one direction to vary one component of the tracing movement independently of the other for non-proportional reproduction, and a tracer having its tracing portion formed in two dimensions, the difference between the two dimensions of the tracer being such as to compensate for said variation of one component of the tracing movement, substantially as described.

10. A tracing apparatus having its pattern inclined to the plane of the tracing movement for varying one component of the tracing movement independently of the other, and a tracer having its tracing portion formed in two dimensions, the difference in the two dimensions of the tracer being such as to compensate for said variation of one component of the tracing movement, substantially as described.

11. The combination with a tracer and follower, of a pattern-carrier movable for tracing the pattern in a plane inclined to the plane of the pattern, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement of the pattern-carrier to the follower, substantially as described.

12. A tracing apparatus having its pattern inclined to the plane of the tracing movement and set with its base-line at an angle to the plane of tracing movement to produce italicized or back-slope reproductions of letter or other designs, substantially as described.

13. The combination with an eyepiece, a tracer between the eyepiece and pattern, a follower, and a pantograph for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of a pattern-carrier movable for tracing the pattern and a pattern inclined to the plane of the tracing movement and set with its base-line at an angle to the plane of tracing movement to produce italicized or back-slope reproductions of letter or other designs, substantially as de scribed.

14:. The combination with an eyepiece, a

tracer between the eyepiece and pattern, a follower, and a pantograph for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of a pattern inclined to the plane of the tracing movement and set with its base-line at an angle to the plane of tracing movement to produce italicized or back-slope IGDIOClUCiJiOUS of letter or other designs, and a table on which the pattern, tracer, and eyepiece are mounted adjustable in the plane of tracing movement and about the fixed pivot of the pantograph as a center, substantially as described.

15. The combination with a tracer, a pattern-holder, and follower, and a pantograph for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of a table on which the pattern is mounted adjustable in the plane of tracing movement and about the fixed pivot of the pantograph as a center, substantially as described.

16. The combination with an eyepiece, a tracer between the eyepiece and pattern, a pattern-holder, a follower, and a pantograph for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, of a table on which the pattern, tracer, and eyepiece are mounted, adjustable in the plane of tracing movement and about the fixed pivot of the pantograph as a center, substantially as described.

17. The combination of an eyepiece and a pattern-holder, one of said members being movable relatively to the other for tracing the pattern, a tracer between the eyepiece and pattern having its tracing portion formed in two unequal dimensions to vary one component of the tracing movement, a follower, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, substantially as described.

18. The combination with a microscope, tracer and a pattern-holder, one of said members being movable relatively to the other for tracing the pattern, said tracer having its tracin g portion formed in two unequal dimensions to vary one component of the tracing movement, a follower, and connections for transmitting the tracing movement to the follower, substantially as described.

19. The combination with microscope 1C and support-block in which the microscope is adjustable for focusing, of lever 67 supporting said block, connections for actuating said lever by the tracing movement for automatically raising and lowering the microscope, and means for detaching said lever from the member by which it is moved in the tracingmrwement and locking said lever in position to hold the microscope stationary, substantially as d escribed.

20. The combination with microscope E and support-block 65 in which the microscope is adjustable for focusing, of lever 67 supporting said block, connections for actuating said lever by the tracing movement for automatically raising and lowering the microscope and means for adjusting the fulcrum of said lever in accordance with the inclination of the pattern, substantially as described.

21. The combination with the bar a carrying pivot-pin 13, of the bars .7) on opposite sides of the bar a carrying pins 14, 15 forming seats for the pivot-pin 13, and screw 16 pressing against pin 15, substantially as described. I

22. The combination with the bar a carrying pivot-pin 13, of the bars 6 on opposite sides of the bar a carrying pins 14, 15 forming seats for the pivot-pin 13, piece n formed separately from bar 5 and secured thereto, and screw 16 passing through piece n and pressing against pin 15, substantially as described.

23. The combination with the bar 0 and block 18, of bearing-sleeves 20, 21, in said bar and block, pivot-pin 32, and screw 22 entering the pivot-pin for drawing the parts together, substantially as described.

24. The combination with the bar 0 and block 18, of bearing-sleeves 20, 21, in said bar and block, pivot-pin 32, screw 22 entering the pivot-pin for drawing the parts together, and set-screw 23 passing through block 18 and bearing against the pivot-pin, substantially as described.

25. The combination with grooved bar 6 and block 18 having flanges 19, 19 and ribs 25, of loose locking-block 27 and set-screw 28, substantially as described.

26. The combination with grooved bar 6 and block 18 having flanges 19, 19 and ribs 25, of loose locking-block 27 set-screw 28, and bar 0 having an adjustable pivot-mounting on block 18 above bar 6, substantially as described.

27. The combination with bars 6' 0, of pivot-post 110 having an inclined seat at the end, bearing-sleeves 112, 112 in bars a, c, and screw 113 entering post 110 for holding the parts together and having an inclined surface seated in bearing-sleeve 112, substantially as described.

28. The combination with pantograph-arm a, of post 123 carried by said arm and adapted to rest upon the blank, finger-piece 124 above the arm, and a marker, substantially as described.

29. The combination with pantograph-arm a, of perforated post 123, and finger-piece 124, said post being perforated to receive a marker with its upper end in position for pressure by the linger of the operators hand holding the finger-piece, substantially as described.

30. A microscope for tracing-machines having a tracer the tracing portion of which is formed in two unequal tracing dimensions to vary one component of the tracing movement, substantially as and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

V LINN BOYD BENTON. Witnesses:

MORRIS F. BURTON, T. F. KEHOE. 

